State Library (former)

General

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Also known as

Museum

Classification

State Heritage

Register status

Entered

Date entered

21 October 1992

Types

Education, research, scientific facility: Library

Education, research, scientific facility: Museum

Theme

8.2 Creating social and cultural institutions: Cultural activities

Architect

Stanley, Francis Drummond Greville

Builder

Macfarlane, W

Construction periods

1879, State Library (former) (built 1879 as Queensland Museum)

1881, Extension of basement (for Queensland Museum)

1959, Extension (for Queensland Library) including mural and sculpture

Historical period

1870s–1890s Late 19th century

1940s–1960s Post-WWII

Style

Classicism

Modernism

Location

Address

159 William Street, Brisbane City

LGA

Brisbane City Council

Coordinates

-27.47270813, 153.0237444

Significance

Criterion AThe place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history.

The former State Library provides evidence of the importance of the Queensland Museum as an institution in late nineteenth century Brisbane scientific and cultural life.

The former State Library is significant for its historical association with the 1958-59 extension, the major centennial project by the Queensland Government and for its association with the State Library of Queensland since 1902.

Criterion BThe place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage.

The building is significant as an example of an 1870s public building in central Brisbane.

Criterion EThe place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

The building is an integral member of the most prominent, important and cohesive group of government buildings in Queensland. As a fine classical facade by FDG Stanley, the building is significant for its architectural quality.

History

This building was constructed in two stages. The three-storeyed William Street section was erected by the colonial Queensland Government between 1876 and 1879, as the first purpose-built home for the Queensland Museum, which had been established in 1855. The four-storeyed extension was erected in 1958-59 as the Queensland Government's major centennial project.

In 1876 the design for the first section was completed under the supervision of colonial architect FDG Stanley, and a construction contract for £10,701 was let to W Macfarlane. The building was erected as stage one of a complex which was to incorporate two flanking wings housing the main staircases, and an arcade and colonnade fronting the river.

The choice of a classical style of architecture, modelled on 16th century Italian buildings and its central location close to the city's southern entrance, reflected the museum's importance in the scientific and cultural life of Brisbane.

The building was completed and occupied early in 1879, but proved inadequate for museum purposes. In 1881 the area below was levelled and the basement was extended. By 1884 the government was setting aside funds for a new museum building, but economic depression necessitated the museum remaining in the cramped William Street premises until removed to the former Exhibition Building at Gregory Terrace in 1899.

A £1,900 contract was let in September 1900 for conversion of the former museum building into premises for the free Public Library of Queensland, established in 1896. The library opened in the refurbished building in April 1902. The name was changed to the State Library of Queensland in 1971.

The John Oxley Library, established in 1926 as the principal centre for research material on Queensland history, was housed in the State Library building from 1931.

As a major centennial project, the library building was extended in 1958-59, at a cost of over £265,000. The additions, designed by government architects WG Thain, P Prystupa, U Stukoff, AJ Wheeler, D Davies and H de Jong, included an exhibition hall on the western side and reading rooms on the river elevation.

In 1958 national competitions were held for designs for a wall mural and sculpture to embellish the exterior of the new Centennial Hall. These were won by Victorian artist Lindsay Edward and Brisbane sculptor Leonard G Shillam. Shillam's aluminium sculpture was cast by the Non-Ferrous Foundry of Brisbane.

The extensions were opened officially in August 1959 by Princess Alexandra.

In 1964-65 the first section was gutted and renovated, including removal of the skylight, at a cost of over £227,000. The exterior brickwork may have been rendered at this time also. The William Street frontage remained largely intact, as one of the city's few surviving 1870s facades.

The State and John Oxley libraries removed to new premises in the Southbank Cultural Centre in 1988, since which time the William Street building has been utilised as a library store.

Description

The former State Library is situated between William Street and the river, overlooking Queens Park (600112). It was the first of a major series of government buildings,the Treasury Building (600143), the Lands Administration Building (600123), and the Family Services Building (600111), which surround Queens Gardens (600112). It is adjacent to the William street retaining wall (600135).

The earliest part of the building was a three storeyed masonry structure with a sandstone facade. The facade is designed using classical elements, with a rusticated base and double-height columns rising from the piano nobile to support an entablature. The centre of the facade is marked by an aedicule containing an arched doorway, at ground level (the original entrance, now blocked in) and a small pediment above in the entablature. The large unfluted columns with lotus leaf capitals form a colonnade in front of the second and third storeys. Consoles rise through the entablature above each column. The top pediment is marked by stretches of balustrade. All the windows in this front facade are arched.

The interior of the first section was substantially remodelled in 1964-65, with the addition of a concrete frame structure, new floors, a mezzanine and air-conditioning.

The 1958-59 extension, to the west and south, is of four storeys, only one of which appears above William Street. The William Street frontage features a random pattered wall at the main entrance under a low-pitched copper-sheathed roof. The western wall is decorated with a large glass mosaic mural, 20.7 metres by 4.4 metres, the design suggesting primitive organic forms indicative of growth and development. On the river side is an aluminium sculpture approximately 6 metres high. Entitled Enlightenment, it depicts three figures reaching towards the sun, symbolising the dissemination of enlightenment to mankind. To the south the extension was designed as a series of concrete fin walls providing views of the river, private work areas and shade from the sun.

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