Warwick East State School

General

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Also known as

Warwick National School

Classification

State Heritage

Register status

Entered

Date entered

21 October 1992

Type

Education, Research, Scientific Facility: School - state (primary)

Themes

6.1 Building settlements, towns, cities and dwellings: Establishing settlements and towns

9.1 Educating Queenslanders: Providing primary schooling

Architect

Backhouse, Benjamin Joseph

Construction period

1864, Warwick East State School (1864)

Historical period

1840s–1860s Mid-19th century

Location

Address

45 Fitzroy Street, Warwick

LGA

Southern Downs Regional Council

Coordinates

-28.21442071, 152.03922626

Significance

Criterion AThe place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history.

Warwick East State School, opened in 1850 in the early regional centre of Warwick as the Warwick National School, was the first national school established in (pre-separation) Queensland, and is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture, set in sufficient grounds to provide play space.

The former National School building (1865) provides evidence of the growth of Warwick during the 1860s and is one of the earliest surviving government school buildings in Queensland. The building is representative of the earliest phase of government-provided education in Queensland, and precursor to the subsequent system of widespread standardised state education. One of five known surviving examples constructed during this period, it demonstrates early Queensland school architecture in urban areas, of substantially constructed masonry buildings.

Criterion BThe place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage.

The highly intact National School building at Warwick East State School is significant as a rare surviving example of a Queensland government school building from the 1860s, a building type that has always been uncommon.

Criterion DThe place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

The National School building is a rare, intact example of an 1860s Queensland government school building and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its type, with subsequent modifications to improve lighting and ventilation. The building retains its: masonry construction with steep roof; large classroom with lofty interior; doors and windows that maximise light and ventilation; and a high standard of design and craftsmanship.

The National School building is a good intact example of the work of noted early Queensland architect Benjamin Backhouse, and the earliest known surviving example of one of his National School designs for the Queensland Board of Education.

Criterion EThe place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

Warwick East State School is of aesthetic significance for its beautiful attributes and contribution to the streetscape. Highly intact, the well-composed Victorian-era National School building features decorative brickwork and finely crafted timberwork and is of high-quality materials and construction. Prominently sited in a landscape setting comprising open grassed areas and garden frontage, the National School building is an attractive feature along Fitzroy Street.

Criterion GThe place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

Schools have always played an important part in Queensland communities. They typically retain significant and enduring connections with former pupils, parents, and teachers; provide a venue for social interaction and volunteer work; and are a source of pride, symbolising local progress and aspirations.

Warwick East State School has a strong association with past and present pupils, parents, staff members, and the Warwick community, as a place of education and as a community focal point since 1850.

History

Established on its present site in 1850, Warwick East State School (originally Warwick National School) was the first National School in (pre-separation) Queensland. The former Warwick National School is a one-storey brick building that was completed in 1865 to a design by noted, early Queensland architect, Benjamin Joseph Backhouse.

The city of Warwick stands on the traditional lands of the Githabul People (Waringh Waringh).[1] The first surveys of Warwick were carried out by J C Burnett 1849-1850,[2] followed by the first land sale in July 1850. On 25 May 1861 Warwick was declared a municipality and continued to grow steadily as the service centre of the Southern Downs, a wealthy pastoral district that developed into an agricultural area. During the 1860s, the tradition of building permanent masonry buildings in Warwick began.[3]

In pre-separation Queensland, education was provided initially by fee-charging religious schools and private academies. The standard of education varied and most of these early schools were short-lived. They catered principally for children in the main population centres of Brisbane and Ipswich.[4]

A more organised approach to education commenced when Governor Fitzroy set up the New South Wales (NSW) National Board of Education in 1848; charged with establishing and administering schools. Modelled on the Irish system, the Board’s purpose was to provide state-assisted, secular, elementary education for as many children as possible, particularly in more isolated areas. The Board established and administered schools where parents contributed one-third of the building costs and guaranteed an average attendance of at least 30 pupils.[5] Under provisions from this body, four National Schools were established in what was to become the Colony of Queensland. The Warwick National School (1850) was the first of these, followed by Drayton in 1851, and a boys’ and a girls’ school in Brisbane by 1860.[6]

The national school in Warwick opened on 4 November 1850, with 30 students. It comprised a timber slab building on a gazetted site of 1 acre 1 rood (25.29sq m; allotment 1 section 17) located on the corner of Fitzroy and Canning streets.[7] The school was established largely as the result of efforts by local pastoralist, George Leslie, who was concerned about the education of children in the district. He started making enquires to the Board of National Education in September 1848, but it was not until September 1850 that the school was completed.[8] At this time, Warwick’s population was about 267.[9]

The first headmaster was George Abbott, who ran the school until December 1852 when it closed. In April 1853, the school re-opened with George Lewis as the headmaster. Jonathan Harris was appointed headmaster in 1855 and retained this position until 1860.[10]

Following separation of the Colony of Queensland from New South Wales in December 1859, the Queensland Government passed the Education Act 1860, which created a Board of General Education (the board) to oversee the development and administration of schools in the colony. The Board combined the functions of New South Wales’ national and denominational boards and was responsible for funding both public and religious schools. Assuming control of existing national schools, the Board aimed to establish a Queensland system of national schools similar to the New South Wales model.[11]

After the 1860 Act, the Warwick National School, along with the three other government schools, came under the jurisdiction of the newly created Board of General Education. In 1864-1865, the present brick building was constructed on the site to a design by prominent architect, Benjamin Backhouse. This building joined the earlier timber classroom, constructed at the school's inception in 1850.

As the Board did not have the resources to construct school buildings, it encouraged local committees to build and maintain their own schools. However, the Board fostered the construction of suitable school buildings by supplying standard plans, based on ideal space requirements, to local committees. Commissioned by the Board, architects prepared plans for communities as required. The Board preferred that national school buildings be single storey, but had no other architectural stipulations. Consequently, the buildings varied, depending on the architect responsible. While timber was the dominant form of material for school buildings, in urban centres such as Brisbane, Warwick, Toowoomba and Ipswich, stone or brick buildings were erected. National school buildings were constructed throughout the colony.[12]

Backhouse, who was based in Brisbane from mid-1861 until late 1868, designed more than 100 buildings for a wide range of public, commercial, and religious organisations, and for private clients. He prepared a ‘model’ plan in 1864 for the newly created Board, to be used for country schools and was responsible for the design of many of the early National Schools, including those at Toowoomba, Condamine, Laidley, Maryborough, Bowen, Nanango, Bald Hills and Goondiwindi; of which Warwick is the earliest known to survive.[13] Backhouse also designed the first two stages of Ipswich Grammar School’s main building [QHR600601: 1863, 1865] and many early permanent churches in Queensland, including the former St Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Warwick [QHR600958], the now demolished Union Presbyterian Church in Brisbane, and the first plan for St Stephen's Roman Catholic Cathedral [QHR600107].

When completed, the National School at Warwick was a single-storey brick building, with asymmetrically placed entrance porch and small windows lining the eastern and western elevations of the building. It was constructed by Welsh contractor, William Conley, using local bricks from Snitzerlings Brickworks in Lyons Street, Warwick and had a hardwood shingled roof.[14] The original timber slab building continued to be used as a classroom and teacher’s residence.[15]

Of the Queensland Government school buildings built to 1865 the only known survivors are Gayndah State School (1861-63) (QHR600516), South Brisbane (by 11 January 1865) [QHR601222] and Warwick East State School (by 11 February 1865) [QHR600947]. Only two other 1860s school Queensland Government buildings survive in Queensland, both dating from 1867; Baroona Special School [QHR600278] and Fortitude Valley State School (former) [QHR602136].[16]

By 1874 the Warwick National School was too small for the growing town, which had been connected by rail to Brisbane via Toowoomba in 1871.[17] The establishment of a new school, the Warwick Central School, was planned. The foundation stone was laid on 25 June 1874 by the Mayor, at a celebration attended by a large gathering of citizens.[18] When this new school, on the corner of Guy and Percy Streets, opened in 1875, the former Warwick National School, became known as the Warwick East State School.

By 1877, the original 1850 timber school building was in a dilapidated state and tenders were called for its purchase and removal.[19] By 1878, the Inspector for Schools recommended that two ten-feet (3.05m)-wide verandahs be added to the 1865 brick building at Warwick East State School on the east and west sides, and that a northern end verandah be enclosed to house lavatories and classrooms. This work was carried out at a cost of £175, by contractor David Crombie.[20]

By 1911, the site of the Warwick East State School was considered to be unfavourably situated. The surroundings were considered detrimental to children's health and morals, as they were bounded by an open sewer conveying drainage from the lower parts of the town; people of suspicious morals lived on the northern boundary; and to the south was a miserable hovel touching the school fence. A new site was not found. However, the school reserve was doubled in size through the resumption of Lot 2 Section 17 to its north and improvements were carried out to the existing buildings.[21]

At this time, the provision of lighting and ventilation in the 1865 brick building was deemed inadequate. These problems were addressed by the Public Works Department when tenders were called in November 1912 for additions, alterations and improvements. D Crawford’s tender of £957 to alter the existing building, construct a new classroom building, and provide furniture was accepted in January 1913.[22]

Alterations to the National School building were undertaken for £289.[23] The multi-pane window on the southern elevation was enlarged and two dormer windows were inserted on the eastern side of the corrugated iron roof. Concrete floors were formed along the verandahs, a new interior timber floor was laid on concrete piers, and the face brick walls were kalsomined. A hat room, which had been added adjoining the east of the entrance porch, was removed.[24]

A timber classroom block was constructed to the west of the 1865 brick school building in 1913 (Timber School Building type C/T2) for £655. However, on 28 December 1914 fire razed this building. The school re-opened in January 1915 using the 1865 building and the enclosed play shed. In the same month, tenders were called for reconstructing the timber classroom block. The lowest quote of £534 by S Noyes was accepted in February 1915. The second version of the timber building was completed by October 1915.[25]

In 1934, a timber Infants building (Sectional School Building D/T1) was added to the 1915 building, which together were known as Block A.[26] Open space to the immediate north of Block A was retained in site planning from the 1940s onwards, and is identified as a parade area by 1962.[27]

Over time, the school site was landscaped and expanded. By 1894, Arbor Day was celebrated at the school, which continued into the 20th century.[28] A new garden was created in front of the school in 1908 when the School Committee Secretary, J B Fell, the owner of plant nursery donated 27 trees.[29] Gardens were established on the corner of Fitzroy and Canning Streets by c1913.[30] The acquisition of land to the north (allotment 2 section 17), doubled the size of the original school grounds by 1915.[31] Head Teacher Tom Garland, appointed in 1917, is credited with heralding ‘a new era’ for the school. Plans were made for front gardens (along Fitzroy Street); a croquet lawn and tennis court (laid out in 1920 east of the National School Building); and areas were set aside for football, cricket and a horse paddock.[32] During the 1930s the school was known for its gardens and playgrounds:

Along the fence between the schoolyard and the large playground were wattle trees and a few pepperinas…also a space was set aside for the would-be child gardeners!…. The school gardens out the front were…out of bounds. Flower beds and trellis and roses galore. Hedges shut in the netball and tennis courts.… near the large open [play] shed on the [south-east] corner.[33]

A flagpole was presented to the school in 1930 (replaced in 2020).[34] Further land additions to the east were made in 1947 (allotment 6 section 17) and later to the north (allotments 3, 4 and 5 section 17), bringing the school to its current extent.[35]

Plans from 1962 show the ‘old brick school’ was to remain for use for visual education and assembly. Proposed alterations included: the removal of a portion of the west verandah, adjacent to the entry porch; construction of a brick wall linking the southwest corner to an adjacent timber school building; and a suggested dais at the north end of the interior.[36] Flooding during December 2010-January 2011 caused damage to all the school’s buildings and resulted in the refit of the National School building at ground level.[37] Flooding also occurred in May 2022.[38]

From 1970, school buildings were gradually added to the site and some were removed.[39] On 19 July 2019, Block A was destroyed by fire and has since been replaced by a large new building.[40] Subsequent conservation works undertaken on the National School building included the removal of paint finishes to reveal the original face brick exterior.

The importance of the school within the community has been demonstrated through regular social and fundraising events, anniversary celebrations, and through the publication of a commemorative history. In 1955, belated centenary celebrations were held for the school, including a parade, a fete and a concert in the town hall. On 5 October 1970, the Queensland Women’s Historical Association (QWHA) unveiled a plaque at Warwick East State School acknowledging the 120-year-old school as the oldest state school in Queensland. In 2000, the school celebrated its 150th anniversary and published a school history.[41]

In 2024, the early National School building remains the focal point of the school and is remarkably intact. Currently, half of the space is used as a classroom for instrumental music lessons, while the other half is setup as a meeting venue, with some display cases of school memorabilia. The building is also used as a polling station for elections.

Description

Warwick East State School occupies a 4.045ha site located approximately 300m east of the Warwick CBD. The school fronts Fitzroy Street (south) and is bounded by Canning Street (west), Condamine Street (North) and Sawmill Street (east). The heritage boundary covers only the southwest corner (original 1850s reserve extents) of the school site.

The former National School building is prominently sited in the school grounds, facing the main entrance and set amongst well-tended gardens.

Features of Warwick East State School of state-level cultural heritage significance are:

• National School building (1865, modified c1878, 1913);
• Landscape features, including:
  • garden frontage (c1913);
  • open spaces; and
• Views.

National School building (1865, modified c1878, 1913)

The National School building (1865) is a one-storey brick building with a gable roof and verandahs along its long sides (c1878, east and west). The building is well-composed in a Victorian-era style, with decorative brickwork and finely crafted timberwork. The main school room is rectangular in plan and the principal elevation (south) features an offset gable-roofed entrance porch that is square in plan and has round arched openings on three sides.

Additional doorways accessing the school room are centred on the east and west sides and flanked by evenly spaced arched windows. Larger banks of windows are located at the north and south ends, and two dormer windows (1913) punctuate the east side of the main gable roof.

The lofty single school room interior features timber king post trusses with struts. A raised timber dais (after 1962, dais not of cultural heritage significance) is located at the northern end. 

Features of the National School building of state-level cultural heritage significance are:

• building form, comprising:
  • original (1865) steeply-pitched gable-roofed one-storey school room and entrance porch; and
  • early (c1878) skillion-roofed verandahs along east and west sides;
• timber-framed roof, including:
  • corrugated metal sheet cladding (roof was originally clad in timber shingles);
  • profiled timber barge boards; and
  • wide eaves lined with beaded tongue and groove (T&G) boards;
• dormer windows (1913), including:
  • gable roofs clad in corrugated metal sheets;
  • timber board exterior cladding;
  • V-jointed T&G board linings; louvred gable vents; and
  • three operable single-paned central pivot windows;
• verandahs (c1878), including:
  • exposed timber roof frame;
  • stop-chamfered timber beams;
  • weatherboard-clad enclosure (1913, north end of west verandah); and
  • concrete slab floors;
• exterior walls, including:
  • face brick construction with quoining and other decorative details;
  • school room:
    • high-level rectangular vents aligned parallel to the eaves (north and south ends);
    • mid-level stepped brick stringcourses (east and west sides);
    • arched door and window surrounds outlined with projecting courses of brick headers (east and west sides);
    • rendered windowsills on a projecting course of brick headers supported on corbels, set below the mid-level stringcourse (west side); and
    • decorative cast-iron vents;
  • entrance porch:
    • arched rendered signage panel outlined with a projecting course of brick headers (south);
    • high-level stepped brick stringcourse (south);
    • round arched openings formed with courses of brick headers, the front arch (south) outlined with projecting courses; and
    • rendered plinth and up to mid-level stepped stringcourse;
• original and early window and door openings;
• timber joinery, including:
  • boarded doors with fanlights (east and west sides);
  • large twelve-paned window (enlarged 1913, south end);
  • centrally located nine-paned window (added c1912, north end);
  • six four-paned vertical sliding sash windows that extends below the mid-level stringcourse (west side); and
  • six four-paned horizontal-pivot windows that sit above the mid-level stringcourse (east side);
• school room interior, including:
  • single school room layout;
  • lofty interior with beaded T&G board-lined ceiling fixed over rafters;
  • exposed king post trusses with struts;
  • unlined brick walls; and
  • timber floorboards;
• original and early brass door and window hardware;
• understorey, including:
  • face brick piers with metal antcaps; and
  • timber sub-floor framing.

Features of the National School building not of state-level cultural heritage significance are:

• metal tie rod on north elevation;
• timber dais, steps and curtain (after 1962);
• modern plastic downpipes;
• modern fixtures and fittings, including: screens; lights; cables; fans; air-conditioners and associated ducts and grilles; and
• modern floor coverings (carpet and linoleum).

Landscape features, open space and views

The established gardens and grassed areas adjacent to the National School building form an attractive landscape setting and front entrance to the school from Fitzroy Street, with secondary access from Canning Street. Open space around the National School building facilitates natural light and ventilation, as well as views to and from the building.

Views of state-level cultural heritage significance include:

• views to and from the National School building from Fitzroy Street and Canning Street; and
• views to and from the National School building across the open space of the former parade ground (northwest) and former croquet lawn and tennis court (east).

Landscape features of state-level cultural heritage significance include:

• garden frontage to Fitzroy Street and Canning Street (c1913), including: open grassed and garden areas; mature plantings; and original school bell;
• early fence alignment and main front gate location;
• open grassed area (former croquet lawn and tennis courts) to the east of the National School building; and
• open space surrounding the National School building, to facilitate views and natural light and ventilation.

Landscape features not of state-level cultural heritage significance are:

• recent landscaping, plantings and ground surface finishes; 
• artificial turf; 
• non-original flagpole (replaced 2020); and 
• recent memorial gardens and plaques. 

Features of Warwick East State School not of state-level cultural heritage significance are:

• other buildings, structures, fences, shade sails / structures, podiums, and sheds not previously mentioned; 
• footpaths, garden beds and landscaping not previously mentioned;  
• non-original signs; and  
• electricity poles and associated wires, and fire hydrants. 

References

[1] National Native Titles Tribunal, active application (Tribunal File no. BC2021/001; Federal Court file no. QUD87/2021), <http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleClaims/Pages/details.aspx?NTDA_Fileno=QC2021/001>, accessed 29 Feb 2024; Queensland Department of Seniors, Disability Services and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships, Cultural Heritage Database and Register, <https://culturalheritage.datsip.qld.gov.au/achris/public/public-registry/home>, accessed 29 Feb 2024.
[2] Department of Environment (Queensland), An Overview Thematic History of Warwick Shire since the 1820s. A synopsis of the principal historical themes in the post-contact development of the lands which comprise the present Warwick Shire. A report prepared by Helen Bennett, Cultural Heritage Branch. 1996, p.1.
[3] Warwick’s population in 1861 had grown to 1181. Department of Environment (Queensland), An Overview Thematic History of Warwick Shire since the 1820s. A synopsis of the principal historical themes in the post-contact development of the lands which comprise the present Warwick Shire. A report prepared by Helen Bennett, Cultural Heritage Branch. 1996. p.17.
[4] Thom Blake, ‘Educating Queenslanders’ in Queensland Historical Thematic Framework, 2007 (rev. 2013 by EHP), pp.1-2.
[5] Hector Holthouse, Looking Back. The first 150 years of Queensland schools, a report for the Department of Education, Queensland, 1975, pp.10-3.
[6] Hector Holthouse, Looking Back. The first 150 years of Queensland schools, a report for the Department of Education, Queensland, 1975, pp.14-5.
[7] Department of Resources (Resources), Survey Plan W1346.4, 13 April 1850; ‘Grants of Land for National Schools’, NSW Government Gazette (NSWGG), 23 Aug 1850, p.1266; E Wyeth, ‘Queensland’s First School’, Queensland Teachers Journal, Nov 1952, pp.13, 30; Queensland Board of General Education, Annual Report, 1861 cited by Conrad Gargett, Warwick East State School CMP 2016, p.13; Moira McKee & Helen Thorne (eds), The History of Warwick East State School 1850-2000, Warwick, Warwick East State School Parents and Citizens Association, 2000, pp.30-31.
[8] Department of Environment (Queensland), An Overview Thematic History of Warwick Shire since the 1820s. A synopsis of the principal historical themes in the post-contact development of the lands which comprise the present Warwick Shire. A report prepared by Helen Bennett, Cultural Heritage Branch. 1996. p.60; E Wyeth, ‘Queensland’s First Schools.’ Queensland Teachers Journal, Nov 1952 p. 13.
[9] ‘Census of New South Wales -1851’, Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, 15 Nov 1851, p.4.
[10] McKee & Thorne (eds), The History of Warwick East State School 1850–2000, p.32.
[11] Greg Logan and Eddie Clarke, State Education in Queensland: a brief history, a report for the Department of Education, Queensland, 1984, p.1; Education Act 1860 (repealed 1875 39Vic No. 11 s 32).
[12] Thom Blake, ‘Educating Queenslanders’ in Queensland Historical Thematic Framework, 2007 (rev. 2013 by EHP), p.2; Donald Watson, ‘A new curriculum in building construction: the origins of outside studding’ in Educational Historian 4:3, 1991, pp.i-iv.
[13] Donald Watson and Judith McKay, Queensland architects of the 19th century, Queensland Museum, 1994, pp.10-12; Conrad Gargett, Warwick East State School, Heritage Conservation Management Plan, report prepared for the Department of Education and Training, December 2016, p52.
[14] McKee & Thorne (eds), The History of Warwick East State School 1850–2000, p.33.
[15] Conrad Gargett, CMP 2016, p.17.
[16] Greg Logan and Eddie Clarke, State Education in Queensland – A Brief History, Brisbane: Policy and Information Services Branch, Department of Education, 1984, p.1 (http://education.qld.gov.au/library/docs/edhistory/stateedu.pdf); Paul Burmester, Margaret Pullar and Michael Kennedy, Queensland Schools A Heritage Conservation Study, a report for the Department of Education, 1996, p.1; Department of Education, ‘Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools’, eResource Services, <http://education.qld.gov.au/library/edhistory/celebrations/dates/>, updated August 2013; Entries on the Queensland Heritage Register, Gayndah State School (QHR600516) and Brisbane State High School (QHR601222).
[17] In 1872, 231 pupils at Warwick National School were taught in the building’s one large room. (McKee and Thorne, The History of Warwick East State School 1850–2000, p.34.)
[18] ‘The New Primary Schools’, Warwick Examiner and Times, 27 Jun 1874, p.2; Thorne and Greenwell, Pugh’s Queensland Almanac, Law Calendar, Directory, and Coast Guide for 1875 (Pugh’s Almanac), Brisbane, Thorne and Greenwell, 1875, p.46.
[19] ‘Old Schools and New Committees’, Warwick Argus and Tenterfield Chronicle, 26 Apr 1877, p.2.
[20] Queensland State Archives (QSA), EDU/Z 2858, Item ID ITM16485, Warwick East State School 1879-1915.
[21] ‘Warwick East State School’, The Brisbane Courier, 16 Jul 1912, p.8; ‘Land Court, Sitting in Warwick’, Warwick Examiner and Times, 13 Dec 1913, p.3; Survey Plan W1346.4, 13 Apr 1850; Survey Plan W1346.10, 2 Feb 1857; Resources, Deed of Grant 11306074, 1915.
[22] QSA, EDU/Z 2858, Item ID ITM16485, Warwick East State School 1879-1915; ’Public Works’, The Telegraph, 10 Jan 1913, p.4.
[23] QSA, EDU/Z 2858,Item ID ITM16485, Warwick East State School 1879-1915.
[24] DPW ePlan drawing #16052883, Warwick East State School – New Dormer Lights, 4 November 1912; DPW ePlan drawing #16052872, Warwick East State School – Additions and Alterations, 4 Nov 1912.
[25] DPW eplan drawing #16052861; The History of Warwick East State School 1850–2000 pp.33, 36; ‘Fire in Warwick’, Warwick Examiner and Times, 30 Dec 1914, p.5; ‘Tenders Accepted’, Daily Standard, 27 Feb 1915, p.4; Conrad Gargett, CMP 2016, p.21.
[26] QSA, EDU/Z 2858, Item ID ITM16485, Warwick East State School 1879-1915; Block A was destroyed by fire in 2019.
[27] DPW ePlan drawing #11219291, Warwick East State School – New Classroom Wing, Remodelling Girls’ Toilet Block, 15 Feb 1962.
[28] ‘Our State Schools. Annual Report’, Warwick Argus, 23 Jun 1894, p.7; Warwick Examiner and Times: ‘East Warwick School Arbor Day Yesterday’, 27 May 1911, p.5 and ‘Warwick East State School Celebration of Arbor Day’, 1 Aug 1917, p.1.
[29] McKee & Thorne (eds), 2000, The History of Warwick East State School 1850–2000, p.34; ‘School Committees’, Warwick Examiner & Times, 9 May 1908, p.5.
[30] Photo of the school c1913 in McKee & Thorne (eds), 2000, The History of Warwick East State School 1850–2000, p.4.
[31] Resources, Deed of Grant No104314, Vol 5 1306 Folio 74, 26 Mar 1915.
[32] McKee & Thorne (eds), The History of Warwick East State School 1850–2000, p. 36.
[33] Recollections of Richard Stabler in McKee & Thorne (eds), The History of Warwick East State School 1850–2000, p.185.
[34] ‘East School Committee Meets’, Warwick Daily News, 12 Apr 1930, p.6.
[35] Conrad Gargett, CMP 2016, p.27.
[36] DPW ePlan drawing #11219208, Warwick East State School – Remodelling, 15 February 1962.
[37] Warwick East State School website 2016 cited by Conrad Gargett, 2016 CMP, p.34.
[38] Warwick East State School Facebook page, 14 May 2022, <https://www.facebook.com/WarwickEastSS/photos>, accessed 13 Mar 2024.s
[39] Conrad Gargett, CMP 2016, pp.32-33.
[40] ‘Warwick East State School Building Engulfed by Fire’, ABC News, 19 Jul 2019, <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-07-19/fire-warwick-east-state-school-qld/11326304>, accessed 4 Mar 2024; DESI, Living Heritage Information System, ‘Department of Education, Warwick East State School Fire Rectification – New Administration / GLA / Regional Office’, plan, Jan 2020.
[41] ‘Benefit Entertainment’, Warwick Examiner & Times, 18 Mar 1911, p.4; Warwick Daily News: 22 Feb 1920, p.6, ‘Warwick East State School’, 19 Mar 1929, ‘East School Fete’, 4 Nov 1941, p.2, ‘Advertising’, 24 Oct 1947, p.4, ‘Advertising’, 30 May 950, p.2, ‘Directory’, 16 Oct 1953, p.6; ‘Social’, The Brisbane Courier, 14 Dec 1931, p.17; ‘Warwick’, The Courier-Mail, 5 Nov 1941, p.6; Moira McKee & Helen Thorne (eds), The History of Warwick East State School 1850-2000, Warwick, Warwick East State School P&C, 2000; Queensland Women’s Historical Association (QWHA), Historical Happenings (newsletter), Dec 1970, pp.3-4.

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