Redland Bay State School

General

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Classification

State Heritage

Register status

Entered

Date entered

4 August 1997

Types

Education, Research, Scientific Facility: Accommodation - teacher's residence

Education, Research, Scientific Facility: School - state (primary)

Themes

9.1 Educating Queenslanders: Providing primary schooling

2.10 Exploiting, utilising and transforming the land: Responding to climate and climatic events

Construction periods

1885–1886, Redland Bay State School Residence (1885 - 1886)

1885–1886, Redland Bay State School Teaching Building (1885-1886)

Historical period

1870s–1890s Late 19th century

Location

Address

125-141 Gordon Road, Redland Bay

LGA

Redland City Council

Coordinates

-27.61887912, 153.29297833

Significance

Criterion AThe place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland’s history.

Redland Bay State School, (established 1886) is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture in Queensland.

The place retains early and rare representative examples of standard government designs that were architectural responses to prevailing government educational philosophies. The suburban site with mature trees, and other landscaping features demonstrates the importance of play and aesthetics in the education of children.

The Ferguson-designed Timber Teaching Building (Block B; 1886, extended and modified 1932) demonstrates an early standardised design that sought to address the practicality and comfort of school buildings; with later modifications that improved natural lighting and ventilation.

The Teachers Residence (1886, extended 1898, 1914) provides evidence of departmental policy to provide accommodation for married male head teachers as an inducement to teach in country areas and to provide a resident caretaker on the site.

Criterion BThe place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland’s cultural heritage.

The Teachers Residence at Redland Bay State School is a rare and important surviving example of a Ferguson-designed teachers residence, a building type that was once common in Queensland schools. Highly intact, it is one of six known examples of Ferguson residences surviving in Queensland.

Criterion DThe place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

Redland Bay State School is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of an early Queensland state school complex, comprising a pair of buildings designed by Robert Ferguson, located on a large landscaped site with mature trees and play areas.

The Teaching Building (Block B; 1886, extended 1932) is a good example of a standard Ferguson-designed timber school building with later alterations by the Department of Public Works and demonstrates the principal characteristics of its type. These include its lowset gable-roofed form with verandah; timber-framed and -clad construction; louvred gable end ventilation panels; vented coved ceiling and alterations to improve natural lighting and ventilation including: verandah removed from the northeast elevation; and introduced banks of timber-framed casement windows.

The Teachers Residence (1886) is a rare, intact example of a Ferguson-designed timber residence with later extensions and alterations by the Department of Public Works (1898 and 1914). The Ferguson-designed section retains the principal characteristics of its type, including: its lowset, gable-roofed form; front verandah; original joinery and internal linings; rear kitchen with brick fireplace; and its L-shaped layout of rooms. The 1898 and 1914 additions are good examples of alterations that were commonly made to teachers residences to meet changing spatial and functional requirements, and include a dining verandah and bathroom enclosure (both 1914).

Criterion GThe place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

Redland Bay State School has a strong and ongoing association with past and present pupils, parents, staff members, and the surrounding community through sustained use since its establishment in 1886. The place is important for its contribution to the educational development of Redland Bay, with generations of children taught at the school, and has served as a prominent venue for social interaction and community focus. Contributions to its operations have been made though repeated local volunteer action, donations, and an active Parents and Citizens Association.

History

Redland Bay State School is situated approximately 35km southeast of the Brisbane CBD, within Redland City. The school has provided primary education to local students since its establishment in 1886. Its two original buildings, the Ferguson-designed teaching building and teachers residence, remain on site and have been in continual use since construction. The school grounds are fringed with mature trees including mango trees (Mangifera indica), once an important local crop. The development of the school reflects the transformation of Redland Bay from a highly productive farming area in the late 19th century, to a thriving suburban settlement in the early 21st century.

The region was traditionally the land of the Quandamooka people. The Aboriginal name for the Redland Bay area was Talwalpin; after the cotton tree which was widespread in the area. This naming is reflected in Point Talburpin to the south of the current township.[1]

After European settlement, Redland Bay was established as a cotton plantation in 1865. Land was subdivided into small farms and housing lots from 1866. While cotton production was short-lived, sugar was a far more lucrative crop. William and Richard Newton established a sugar mill here in the early 1870s, before selling in 1879 to William Dart, who previously operated a sugar mill at St Lucia. In 1884, The Redland Bay Land and Investment Company was formed to further subdivide and sell the land.[2]

Education in the Redland Bay district began with a number of part-time schools which shared teachers. Redland Bay’s first school, initially located at Victoria Point, shared a teacher with Mount Cotton from 1876. Attendance at these schools was intermittent. An 1881 public meeting in Redland Bay established a school committee, with early classes held in the home of mill owner William Dart from late 1881. In 1882 the Victoria Point School became full-time and in March 1884 another meeting was held to establish a school at Redland Bay.[3]

The establishment of schools was considered an essential step in the development of early communities and integral to their success. Locals often donated land and labour for a school’s construction and the school community contributed to maintenance and development. Schools became a community focus, a symbol of progress, and a source of pride, with enduring connections formed with past pupils, parents, and teachers.[4]

In July 1884, Dart offered four acres (1.6ha) of his land (Portion 12) for a school. This land was gazetted as a school reserve in November 1884. Tenders were called for a State School and Teachers Residence in January 1885.[5] Local builder Patrick Horisk was the successful tenderer.[6] The land was purchased from Dart, surveyed, and the teaching building (Block B in 2019) and teachers residence were completed by December 1885. Classes commenced in January 1886 with 45 pupils under the first principal, William Nuttall.[7]

To help ensure consistency and economy, the Queensland Government developed standard plans for its school buildings. From the 1860s until the 1960s, Queensland school buildings were predominantly timber-framed. Standard designs were continually refined in response to changing needs and educational philosophy and Queensland school buildings were particularly innovative in climate control, lighting, and ventilation. Standardisation produced distinctly similar schools across Queensland with complexes of typical components.[8]

The new teaching building was built to a standard design that had been introduced in 1880. Architect Robert Ferguson, employed by the Department of Public Instruction between 1879 and 1885, was responsible for these designs, and was the first to give serious consideration to the ventilation of their interiors. [9] Into the lowset, timber-framed buildings, Ferguson introduced a coved ceiling and vented the roof space. The number of windows and their size was increased from earlier designs; however, they were few in number and sill heights were typically more than 4'6" (1.3m) above floor level, well above eye level of students. Modestly decorative timber roof trusses were exposed within the space. Built to this standard design, the new school building at Redland Bay was a lowset, timber-framed structure with gable roof, vented coved ceiling and verandahs front and back.[10]

The Redland Bay teachers residence, also a Robert Ferguson design, was built concurrently. Departmental policy was to provide residences for married male teachers in country areas, where it was often difficult to obtain other accommodation. Residences were an inducement for teachers to teach in regional areas and provided the school with a resident caretaker. Ferguson introduced new designs for detached, low set residences with more rooms than previous designs, to better accommodate a family. Characteristics included a verandah at the front and a kitchen with brick fireplace at the rear. The design of Ferguson residences evolved over time resulting in several types, including – a rectangular, four room, hipped-roofed type (eg. former Rosevale State School residence, 1884); an L-shaped, gable-roofed type with four main rooms and a small rear verandah room (eg. Monkland State School Residence, 1883, [QHR602013]); and a larger, hipped roof, five room type (eg. former Templin State School residence, c1892). The Redland Bay residence was of the L-shaped, gable-roofed type, and was built to the southeast of the teaching building. Once common at early Queensland schools, Ferguson residences were extended and upgraded over time to meet changing spatial and functional requirements, or were replaced by more modern residences from the 1920s onwards. Today, Ferguson residences are rare, with only six known surviving examples in 2019, of which three are the L-shaped, gable roofed type.[11]

Tenders were called for the erection of fencing and gates at the school in January 1887, and for a play shed in June 1889. Improvements to the residence were also undertaken between 1888 and 1890, including ceiling the kitchen and lining internal walls. Trees and gardens were planted to shade and beautify schools and schools celebrated Arbor Day from 1890. Aesthetically-designed gardens were encouraged by regional inspectors, and educators believed gardening and Arbor Days instilled in young minds the value of hard work and activity, improved classroom discipline, developed aesthetic tastes, and inspired people to stay on the land.[12] It was reported that no trees were planted on Arbor Day in May 1894, because so many had thrived from previous years. Similarly in 1895, it was reported that no space was available for more trees, and instead, the children had established flower gardens.[13]

Tenders were called for painting and repairs to the school in 1897 and for additions to the residence in 1898. The additions, built by A Lind and Son for £84.10s, comprised extending the main sitting room and front verandah to create another bedroom and small rear room. A detached bathroom existed near the kitchen at this time. In December 1911, a tennis court and library were added, courtesy of the daughter of the local publican.[14] Redland Bay was booming at this time. A cooperative sawmill, established in 1911, supplied timber for both building and for fruit cases for transporting local produce. Local resident, William Meissner built a new school playshed in November 1913.[15]

Within the school system, a limited form of rural instruction was introduced in syllabus changes made in 1905 and 1915. The principal avenue of instruction in primary schools was via project club activities such as livestock raising (pigs, calves, and poultry), bee keeping, milk testing, and forestry. Head teacher Alfred Somers initiated agricultural studies at the school in 1910. His 1911 report discussed the cultivation of a pineapple varieties, potatoes, other vegetables and flowers. On Arbor Day 1911, 108 rose cuttings were planted, forming an avenue from the school to the front gate.[16] The mango trees (Mangifera indica) along the front boundary have substantial canopies in the earliest available aerial photo from 1955. The Palms Chutney factory, established at Wellington Point in the 1890s, relied on mangoes from Mount Cotton and Redland Bay for its production. Mangoes were also planted at Cleveland West (Ormiston) and Wellington Point state schools.[17]

Further extensions to the teachers residence occurred in 1914, after the recently appointed principal deemed the house to be un-inhabitable. These extensions by Carbrook builder Christian Kruger involved the removal of the original detached bathroom and rear verandahs and the addition of two new bedrooms on the southeast side; creating a U-shaped house with a dining verandah in the centre, between the new bedrooms and the kitchen. A new southeast verandah was built along the bedroom wing, with a small bathroom at the southern end.[18]

Redland Bay continued to prosper during the 1920s. The rich volcanic soils produced a range of fruit and vegetables, with an arrowroot mill established in 1921. A 1922 Royal Commission into proposals for a rail link to Redland Bay and/or Mount Cotton raised the hopes of local farmers for better access to markets. Evidence presented indicated that fruit farming was the main industry, with 50 growers sending 2,600 tons (2358 tonnes) by boat to Brisbane markets annually,[19] and 400 tons (363 tonnes) by rail to interstate markets. The Redland Bay State School principal advocated for the railway, which could potentially provide access to the Wynnum State High School. This railway was not built.[20]

Extensions to the teaching building were sought in 1920, but this was rejected, because enrolments had decreased after Victoria Point State School opened in 1916. By September 1931 plans for additions and alterations were produced by the Department of Public Works (DPW), which had assumed the role of school design and construction from 1893. Implicit in these designs were improvements in lighting and ventilation; ideally with enhanced southern lighting.[21]

Tenders were called in June 1932, and won by E W Hiley in July, at a cost of £189. The teaching building was extended by seven feet (2.1m) to the east, creating two 21 ft (6.4m) long classrooms. A hat room was created on the eastern corner of the rear (southwestern) verandah. The verandah on the front (northeastern side) was removed and new large casement windows were installed with fanlights above. The eaves-overhang was supported by brackets. Gable-end windows and sunshades were removed and sheeted over. Double doors from the northeast wall were reused on the southwest wall extension. [22]

Redland Bay State School celebrated its golden jubilee in 1936. Electricity was installed at this time.[23]

With the commencement of the Pacific theatre of war during WWII, the Queensland Government closed all coastal state schools in January 1942, although many reopened on 2 March 1942.[24] Slit trenches were dug in the grounds at Redland Bay State School by the local Volunteer Defence Corps. Redland Bay farmers employed women from the Australian Women’s Land Army to harvest their crops.[25]

An extra classroom was added in 1953 (Block A in 2019) linked by stairs on the verandah of Block B. The exterior to Block B was painted in 1953, as was the interior of the residence kitchen.[26]

In 1954, the government acquired a further four acres (1.93ha) to the southwest of, and contiguous with, the existing school site. This extended sporting fields beyond the small cricket field on the southwest boundary.[27] The new land to the southwest, which sloped uphill from the main road, was gradually cleared and terraced to create sporting fields during the late 1950s.[28]

A pine plantation comprising Pinus elliottii (slash pines) and Pinus taeda (loblolly pines) was established in 1950, initiated by the Principal Mr E Scatini. The plantation totalled 130 trees by 1958; but was reduced to 73 by 1974. Aerial photography suggest the plantation was not as substantial as those found elsewhere, such as at nearby Mount Cotton State School.[29]

Block B has been altered over its lifespan in accordance with changes to educational policy and school needs. In 1954, the hat room on the western corner of the rear verandah was extended to create a library. It is likely that the casement windows on the northwestern gable end were added at this time to improve lighting in the classroom, following the verandah enclosure. Changes to the teachers residence include a new toilet to the southeast corner of the verandah in 1965/66.[30]

Another adjoining land parcel to the northwest was acquired in 1976 (Sub 9, Portion 12A) comprising 8.577ha, allowing for the expansion of the school. By this time the school had an enrolment of 208 pupils; more than double its 1951 enrolments of 100.[31]

Redland Bay State School celebrated its centenary in 1981; acknowledging 100 years since classes began in Dart’s house. Celebrations were attended by two former pupils, both aged in their nineties, who had enrolled in 1886 when the new school building opened. [32]

By 1983, enrolments reached 273, and the southern suburbs of Redland Shire, Victoria Point and Redland Bay, grew rapidly in the 1990s.[33]

In 1993 a ramp was provided as access to the verandah of Block B.[34]

Following the retirement of the head teacher in 1993, the school residence became vacant. The school community were concerned that the residence would be demolished, as per departmental policy of the time, and nominated the building for inclusion on the Queensland Heritage Register (QHR) in 1994. The residence was entered into the QHR in 1997. Since 1994, it has been used for various purposes including a resources centre, speech and occupational therapies, remedial work and teaching areas.[35]

In 2012 a performing arts centre was built on the site of the early tennis court, facing Gordon Road. Its construction necessitated the removal of most of the pine plantation, leaving nine pine trees along the southern boundary. Other remnant mature trees within the school grounds include a date palm (phoenix dactylifera), mango trees (Mangifera, sp.), a fig tree (ficus, sp.) and camphor laurels (cinnamomum camphora), chiefly on the front boundary.[36]

In 2017 the school had an enrolment of 876 students who lived in a combination of rural and semi-rural acreage, and medium to high density housing estates. In 2018, some Redland Bay State School students represented the fifth generation of their family attending the school.[37] In 2019, Redland Bay State School continues to operate from its original site with its two original buildings, set in landscaped grounds with playing areas and mature shade trees. The school remains a key social focus for the community, as generations of students have been taught there and many social events held in the school’s grounds and buildings since its establishment in 1886.

Description

Redland Bay State School is located in the bayside township of Redland Bay, approximately 35km southeast of Brisbane. The school is situated inland from the centre of town within a residential area and addresses a main thoroughfare, Gordon Road, to the northeast. The approximately 6ha school site is long and narrow and slopes uphill towards the rear (southwest). The school buildings occupy the northeast end of the site, with terraced playing fields at the southwest end.

The heritage boundary covers only the northeast corner of the school site (part of the original school reserve) and includes most of the Gordon Road street frontage (total area 0.84ha). The significant components of the school complex are:

• Ferguson-designed Teachers Residence (1886, extended 1898, 1914)
• Ferguson-designed teaching building, known as Block B (1886, extended and modified
  1932)
• Mature trees along the Gordon Road boundary and within the landscaped open area
  at the front of the school

The two buildings stand in their original locations, set back from Gordon Road and in alignment with each other.

Teachers Residence (1886, extended 1898, 1914)

The Teachers Residence is an elevated, timber-framed and -clad building orientated to face Gordon Road to the northeast. It is approximately square in plan, with verandahs on the northeast and southeast sides. It is accessed by a set of main stairs to the northeast verandah and a small landing to a rear entrance on the southwest side. It contains a U-shaped arrangement of seven rooms around a former dining verandah, and has a 1914 bathroom enclosure at the southwest end of the southeast verandah.

The earliest section of the house, completed by 1886, comprises four rooms in an L-shaped configuration along the northern side of the house, including the northern end of the northeast verandah. The rear (southwest) room is the original kitchen with a brick fireplace in the southwest wall (covered over in 2018).

The northeast corner of the house is an 1898 bedroom and verandah extension. The remaining two rooms, central dining verandah, southeast verandah, bathroom enclosure and rear landing were added in 1914. Evidence of the changes and additions made over time can be read in the building fabric, particularly through differences in joinery and internal linings.

Features of state-level cultural heritage significance also include:

• Gable roof form, with additional gable over the 1914 section
• Metal roof sheeting
• Timber barge boards with chamfer and fillet detail
• Verandahs, including: stop-chamfered timber verandah beams and posts; unlined, raked ceilings with exposed rafters; location of front steps; newel posts with finial balls; and timber floor boards
• Timber weatherboard cladding (original (1886) weatherboards have chamfered outer edges)
• Original timber-framed windows, including: six-light, double-hung sashes (1886 windows have thin metal glazing bars); and four-light, double-hung sashes to southwest wall (1914)
• Timber-framed, skillion-roofed window hoods with mini-corrugated profile metal sheeting to northwest wall
• Metal window hood to southwest wall
• Brick chimney, including rendered base and ant cap
• Rear landing stairs, handrail, and newel posts with ball finials
• Skillion roof extension over rear landing
• Bathroom enclosing walls and stop-chamfered timber window frame
• Timber tongue and groove (T&G) ceiling linings, including beaded boards (1886 and 1898 rooms) and V-jointed (VJ) boards (1914 rooms)
• Round, timber fretwork ceiling roses (1886 and 1898 rooms)
• Square, timber lattice ceiling vent (1914 dining verandah)
• Internal partitions: stud wall construction for 1886 and 1898 partitions; post and railconstruction for 1914 partitions
• Timber T&G, beaded board wall linings, fixed horizontally (1886, 1890 and 1898)
• Timber T&G, VJ board wall linings, fixed vertically (1914)
• Bulkhead between kitchen and 1886 dining room (remains of original wall)
• Original and early timber doors, including: low-waisted, four panel doors with rectangular fanlights; part-glazed French doors with two-light fanlights (1914); partglazed, high-waisted door to kitchen
• Original door and window hardware
• Original timber architraves and window sills
• Timber floor framing and floor boards
• Black Japan floor finish around the edges of the former dining verandah, observed during 1995 site inspection (source: DES photo collection)

Elements not of state-level cultural heritage significance include: modern gutters and downpipes; replacement timber balustrade to the northeast and southeast verandahs (not to original design); insect screens to windows; non-original window sashes to northwest kitchen wall; louvred windows; flush doors; kitchen cabinets and tiled splashbacks; non-original flat sheet wall and ceiling linings; floor coverings; toilet enclosure and fitout; bathroom fitout and linings; concrete stumps, steel posts and timber batten screens beneath house; and the detached laundry building.

Block B (1886, extended and modified 1932)

Block B is a lowset, timber-framed and -clad building with a gable roof and southwest-facing verandah. It contains two classrooms divided by a central partition (1932), and has a small room at the northwest end of the verandah (enclosed in 1954). Part of an original hat room survives at the southeast end of the verandah (relocated in 1932). Evidence of the changes and additions made over time can be read in the building fabric, particularly at the join between the 1886 and 1932 sections, and through the differences in materials and joinery.

Features of state-level cultural heritage significance also include:

• Gable roof form
• Triangular, louvred vents at the peak of the gable end walls
• Rafters and brackets to northeast eaves (where the original northeast verandah was cut off)
• Early gutters and brackets
• Timber weatherboard cladding
• Timber floor framing and floorboards
• Southwest verandah, including: stop-chamfered timber verandah beam and posts; remnant section of timber balustrade with stop-chamfered rails; raked ceiling lined with timber T&G, VJ boards; and evidence of the join between the 1886 and 1932 sections
• Timber-framed hat room walls, at southeast end of verandah
• Two-light timber casement windows with three-light fanlights
• Two sets of original timber, double doors with two-light, horizontally centre-pivoting fanlights (southern door relocated to its present position in 1932)
• Original door and window hardware
• Coved ceiling lined with timber beaded boards
• Square ceiling vents with timber lattice infill panels
• Metal tie rods exposed within the classroom space
• Cover strip along the join between the 1886 and 1932 sections of ceiling
• Timber T&G, VJ boards lining internal walls
• Central timber, single skin classroom partition

Elements not of state-level cultural heritage significance include: non-original metal roof sheeting (ribbed profile); concrete stumps and ant caps; external fixed shade screens to the northeast windows; the window and skillion-roofed hood in the northwest classroom wall; timber-framed awning windows; louvred windows to verandah; the 1954 verandah enclosure with associated joinery and internal linings; non-original timber balustrades to verandah; verandah access ramp; lights and fans; and non-original shelves and cabinetry.

Grounds and views

In 2018, the Teachers Residence and Block B remain nestled in their landscaped grounds. The open areas surrounding these buildings is revealed on approach from the school entrance on Gordon Road.

Elements of state-level cultural heritage significance also include:

• Mature trees in the landscaped open area adjoining Gordon Road, including camphor laurels (Cinnamomum camphora), mango trees (Mangifera, sp.), a fig tree (Ficus, sp.) and a date palm (Phoenix dactylifera).
• Views of mature trees along the Gordon Road boundary, which are a prominent feature of the streetscape.

Grounds elements not of state-level cultural heritage significance include: other buildings, structures and sheds; pathways; covered walkways; fences and gates; signage; and all other trees, vegetation and gardens not previously mentioned.

Non-significant features within the road reserve include: the footpath, road surface, kerb, and all other road infrastructure.

References

[1] Steele, J G, Aboriginal Pathways in Southeast Queensland and the Richmond River, St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1984, p.11; Quandamooka Coast Native Title Claim (QC2017/004).
[2] Howells, Mary, ‘Places of the Redlands: Southern Suburbs’ typescript, Redland Shire Council, 2000, pp. 4-5;
Queenslander 8 November 1924, p.11 (Obituary Richard Newton); Brisbane Courier, 16 July 1930, p.21
(Obituary William Dart); Brisbane Courier 10 September 1884, p.1
[3] Mount Cotton School Administration File, Queensland State Archives #15507; Redland Bay School
Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947; Telegraph, 28 March 1884, p.3.
[4] Project Services, 'Mount Morgan State High School' in Queensland Schools Heritage Study Part II Report, for Education Queensland, 2008, pp.4-5; Paul Burmester, Margaret Pullar and Michael Kennedy Queensland Schools A Heritage Conservation Study, a report for the Department of Education, 1996, p.p.87-8.
[5] Government Gazette, 17 November 1884, p. 1753; Government Gazette 22 January 1885, p.295; Deed of Grant #10537206, Survey Plans N25233, S31903, S312879; Brisbane Courier, 24 February 1885, p.7.
[6] Horisk built Fernbourne (Whepstead) (QHR 600776) at Wellington Point for Gilbert Burnett in 1889. Burnett had worked at Newton’s Redland Bay sugar mill, before working for Louis Hope at Ormiston House [QHR 600775].
[7] Memorandum of agreement between Pat Horisk and the Department of Public Instruction, 20 April 1885; Redland Bay School Administration File, QSA #15947; The Week, 16 January 1886, p.6.
[8] Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, p.p.84, 120-1.
[9] Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, p.13.
[10] Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, p.16iv.
[11] The three known surviving examples of the L-shaped, gable-roofed Ferguson-designed residence are Redland Bay State School residence (1886), Monkland State School residence (1883), and Two Mile State School residence (1883); Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, pp.12-13, 17, 100-101; Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947; DPW plan, barcode 16027110, Redland Bay SS additions to residence, 1914; QHR entry and site file for 602013 ‘Monkland State School Residence’; DPW plan, barcode 15033205, Gooburrum SS additions to residence, 1914; DPW plan, barcode 15027199, Ingham SS additions to residence, 1908; DPW plan, barcode 16078667, Pialba SS additions to residence, 1909; Project Services, ‘Rosevale State School’, heritage assessment report for Education Queensland, 2006; DPW plan, barcode 15912611, Rosevale SS alterations to residence, 1914; Google Earth aerial photos (accessed January 2019); Templin Historical Village,
https://www.visitscenicrim.com.au/attractions/galleries-museums-and-collections/templin-historical-village/
(accessed January 2019); DPW plan, barcode 13920588, Templin SS additions to residence, 1907; ‘Two Mile School’, Gympie Regional Council Local Heritage Register, pp. 59-60; DPW plan, barcode 13988007, Two Mile SS additions to residence, 1909.
[12] Burmester et al, Queensland Schools A Heritage Conservation Study, pp.4, 48-49.
[13] Telegraph 18 January 1887, p.5; Brisbane Courier, 8 June 1889, p.2; Telegraph, 10 July 1889, p.4;
Queenslander 26 May 1894, p.965; Brisbane Courier, 4 May 1895, p.2; Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947
[14] Brisbane Courier, 5 April 1897 p.6; 14 February 1898, p.7; 26 April 1898, p.2; 22 July 1908, p.1; 20 December 1911 p.6; 26 February 1913, p.9, Telegraph, 9 June 1913, p.11; Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947.
[15] Brisbane Courier 9 November 1910, p.6; Queensland Times 1 February 1913, p.4; Wise Post Office
Directories 1911-1914 indicate a small rise in population, including a new sawmill manager; Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947.
[16] Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947.
[17] Thom Blake, ‘Educating Queenslanders’ in Queensland Historical Thematic Framework, 2007 (rev.2013 by EHP), p.12; Telegraph, 11 January 1909, p.2, Brisbane Courier, 16 December 1901, p.8; Telegraph 4 August 1890, p.2; Queenslander 6 May 1893, p.822; Brisbane Courier, 6 May 1895, p.2; Aerial photo QAP#05380031 (July 1955).
[18] Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947, Brisbane Courier 4 July 1914, p.1; Daily Standard 7 August 1914, p.3; Department of Public Works (DPW) Annual Report 30 June 1915, p.37; DPW plan, barcode 16027110, Redland Bay SS additions to residence, 1914.
[19] Fruit boats were the economic backbone of Redland Bay, Victoria Point and the southern Moreton Bay Islands – see RKLM Islands Heritage Group, A Boat to Home, self-published, 1998, p.p. 39 – 44.
[20] Brisbane Courier, 23 June 1921, p.8, 10 March 1928, p.24; Telegraph 25 July 1923, p.8; Minutes of Evidence taken before the Royal Commission (1922) into two options of railways to Mount Cotton and Redland Bay either via Cleveland or linking with the Belmont Tramway, 17 January 1920 – evidence of Alexander McGregor Henderson, p.p.1-2, Queensland Parliamentary Papers; Beaudesert Times 19 August 1927.
[21] Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947; Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, p.p.18-23.
[22] Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947; Project Services, ‘Redland Bay State School’, heritage assessment report for Education Queensland, 2006, p.13.
[23] Courier Mail 21 March 1936, p.12.

[24] Ronald Wood, ‘Civil Defence in Queensland, during World War II’, 1993, RHSQ Journal, Vol 15, issue 2, p.79; ‘Schools reopen; some await shelter survey’, The Courier Mail, 2 March 1942, p.3.
[25] Brisbane Courier, 17 June 1932, p.4; Daily Standard, 8 July 1932, p.7; Redland Bay School Administration File, Queensland State Archives, #15947; Courier Mail, 21 March 1936, p.12; Ryan, Tracy, Passing the Time, Tales of the Redlands, Cleveland: Redland Shire Council, 1996, pp.82-83; Redland Bay State School, 1881 – 1981, p. 33; Howells, Mary, Redlands Remembers, WWII memories of some Redlands residents; Redland Shire Council, 1997, p.p.7, 12-18 .
[26] DPW Annual Report 30 June 1942, p.14; Telegraph, 19 May 1949, p.23; 20 July 1951, p.19; 5 February 1953, p.2; DPW Plan, barcode 16027121, additional classroom, 1953; Telegraph 24 February 1953, p. 25; 15 March 1954, p.14; Government Gazette, 8 May 1954, p.126; 17 July 1954, p.1106; Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, p.68.
[27] Telegraph, 5 March 1954, p.14; New land was Portion 434, SL2363, RP80737, Certificate of Title 10863173; Aerial photo QAP#05380031 (July 1955).
[28] 4 July 1954, p.11; Redland Bay State School, 1881 – 1981, self-published, 1981, p. 26; Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, p.68.
[29] Redland Bay State School, 1881 – 1981, self-published, 1981, p. 33; aerial photo QAP15946933, 16 August 1964 (Redland Bay); QAP15946938, 16 August 1964 (Mt Cotton), File on Redland Bay State School Forestry Plot held by school history group; Redland Times 28 November 2000, p.4.
[30] Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, p.p.71-72; Project Services, ‘Redland Bay State School’, p.17; DPW plan, barcode 11220121, new library, 1954; DPW Plan, barcode 16027088, addition to Block A, 1957; DPW plan, barcode 11220088, new toilet to residence, 1965; DPW plan, barcode 11220033, addition to Block A, 1977; DPW Plan, barcode 11418748, site plan, 1983.
[31] Certificates of Title, #15022050, #10864007; Survey Plans RP 152489, SL8044; Timeline, Redland Bay – Redland Shire Library Service, 2006, pp.6-7.
[32] Redland Times, 10 June 1981.
[33] Timeline Redland Bay, Redland City Council library online document.
[34] DPW Plan, barcode 15095366, site plan, 1980, updated 1997 – reference to works over time on plan.
[35] Redland Bay State School Parents and Citizens Association letter to Minister for Environment, 12 October 1994; Bayside Bulletin, 29 November 1994, p.7.
[36] Project Services, ‘Redland Bay State School’, p.20.
[37] Redland Bay State School Annual Report, 2017, https://redlandbayss.eq.edu.au/Pages/default.aspx accessed 2 November 2018.

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